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Radio shielding and protection against interference emission via electrical lines
Radio shielding and protection against interference emission via electrical lines
Devices positioned at a certain distance from a particular product, as defined by the relevant standards, or connected via the power supply network (or other cables described in the standards), must not have their functionality impaired by the product. This assumes that the affected device can resist the electromagnetic phenomena, i.e. interference, as required by the EMC Act. Both the devices as well as any fixed installations are under the law's jurisdiction.
Product immunity to electromagnetic interference
Products must also function as intended when electromagnetic interference is present. This may be caused by natural phenomena or by other electronic devices. For this protection requirement, a distinction is made in corresponding standards between the following phenomena:
Immunity to interference from:
- electromagnetic fields
- electrostatic discharges
- transmitted transient energy
- high frequency conducted energy
- temporary power cuts and voltage fluctuations
Depending on the product, further product-specific emission and immunity requirements are added, which are detailed in the applicable standards. All requirements share the common goal of preventing electromagnetic interference between devices and evaluating and minimizing functional damage. Of course, the basic requirements for the devices do not ensure absolute protection. Type of technology, physical conditions and economic efficiency must be considered too. In order to ensure sufficient scope for future technical developments in relation to the principal procedure of CE conformity testing, the EMC Act outlines the requirements in the most general terms.
The EMC Act defines a number of exceptions where it is superseded by other laws. These include:
- Equipment covered by Directive 2014/53/EU on radio equipment
- Aerospace products, components and equipment
- Radio equipment (please note the exact definition in the EMVG)
- Automotive vehicles
- Medical devices
- Marine equipment
Furthermore, the EMC Act does not apply to "non-critical" equipment such as cables, batteries without active components, headphones, loudspeakers without amplifiers, plugs and sockets without additional electronic components etc. In the previously mentioned paper (available in German language only), Zenkner describes in detail which electrical equipment falls under the EMC Act and which does not.
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